Sources of Additional Information.

Table of Contents



General Books (and Lengthy Articles) on CR

There are literally hundreds of published articles dealing with calorie restriction and aging. Search a medical abstracting database to find references to these articles. Here I will list only books and a few articles which give a general overview or summary of CR research.


"Caloric Restriction and Aging"

Richard Weindruch
Scientific American. 1996 Jan., Volume 274, Number 1
This just came out; I've merely glanced at it. Looks like a very good overview of the main issues, though perhaps too conservative. The Scientific American web site has a blurb on it.

The Anti-Aging Plan: Strategies and Recipes for Extending
Your Healthy Years of Life

Roy L. Walford & Lisa Walford (1994)
Four Walls Eight Windows
ISBN: 1-56858-010-X
(More information on the book is available here.)
Although this book came out more recently than The 120-Year Diet, it's not as useful as a general book on life extension, but this is not what the book was intended to be. The book is divided into two parts, the longer of which consists of recipes for nutrient-dense meals which would be ideal for someone practicing calorie restriction. Each recipe includes a nutritional analysis, thus making it easy to insure that all one's nutritional needs are being met. The other part of the book contains ideas on the use of calorie-restricted diets to slow aging in humans. Much of this is contained in The 120-Year Diet, but there is new information on the results of the "unintentional" human CR experiment that took place in the Biosphere 2 project. (See above, under "Will CR work in humans?") In this part of the book R. Walford outlines some of the changes in his thinking about the best way for a person to implement CR. My advice would be to look at both books, and decide for yourself what the best way to implement CR is.


Biological Effects of Dietary Restriction
L. Fishbein. ed. (1991)
xvi, 354 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Series: ILSI monographs
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 3-540-52294-8 (alk. paper)
ISBN: 0-387-52294-8 (alk. paper)

This is a collection of papers given at a conference convened in Washington, D.C., Mar. 5-7, 1990. The conference was cosponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute, the National Center for Toxicological Research, and the National Institute on Aging.


The Retardation of Aging and Disease By Dietary Restriction
Richard Weindruch and Roy L. Walford (1988)
Springfield, Ill., U.S.A.
xvii, 436 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Bibliography: p. 339-397.
Includes indexes.
ISBN: 0-398-05496-7

This was the first significant technical summary of the CR research to appear in book form. Instead of looking through an index to medical research articles to find articles about CR, this book could be perused for a summary of most of the significant findings of the research, including some speculation about the applicability of CR to humans. (This is now slightly out of date, so looking at a few recent articles, esp. articles on the primate CR studies [see below], would be a good idea.)


The 120-Year Diet
Roy L. Walford (1986)
ISBN: 0-671-46677-1
[cheap paperback: 0-671-74474-7, 1988, 1991]
This was the first published book on how people wishing to slow their rate of aging should implement CR. The book also describes some of the research on CR with an eye towards showing how and why CR is superior to any other method of attempting to slow aging, esp. some of the methods that became popular with the publication of books like Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw's Life Extension: A Practical Scientific Approach.

As mentioned in one of the old Sci.life-extension FAQs, The 120-Year Diet also happens to be the best general book on life extension in existence, in my view. The only thing that makes it less than perfect is that it was written long enough ago that there is no information in it on melatonin.

Bibliography of Primate CR Studies [Updated! ]

Ingram DK; Cutler RG; Weindruch R; Renquist DM; Knapka JJ;
April M; Belcher CT; Clark MA; Hatcherson CD; Marriott BM; et al.
"Dietary restriction and aging: the initiation of a primate
study."
Journal of Gerontology, 1990 Sep; 45(5): B148-63.
(MUID: 90369122)
(ABSTRACT)
Roth-GS; Ingram-DK; Cutler-RG
"Caloric restriction in non-human primates: a progress report."
Aging-Milano. 1991 Dec; 3(4): 391-2
Cutler-RG; Davis-BJ; Ingram-DK; Roth-GS
"Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and percent
glycosylated hemoglobin are unaltered by food
restriction in rhesus and squirrel monkeys."
J-Gerontol. 1992 Jan; 47(1): B9-12
(MUID: 92113200)
(ABSTRACT)
Kemnitz-J Baum-S Elson-D Roecker-E Weindruch-R Barden-H Kaufman-P Crawford-K Ershler-W
"Caloric Restriction and Aging in Rhesus Macaques"
FASEB JOURNAL 1992, Vol 6, Iss 5, pp 1655-1655
Lane MA; Ingram DK; Cutler RG; Knapka JJ; Barnard DE; Roth GS.
"Dietary restriction in nonhuman primates: progress report on
the NIA study."
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992 Dec 26; 673: 36-45
(MUID: 93135442)
(ABSTRACT)
Kemnitz JW; Weindruch R; Roecker EB; Crawford K; Kaufman PL;
Ershler WB.
"Dietary restriction of adult male rhesus monkeys: design,
methodology, and preliminary findings from the first
year of study."
Journal of Gerontology, 1993 Jan; 48(1): B17-26.
(MUID: 93115417)
(ABSTRACT)
Kim MJ; Roecker EB; Weindruch R.
"Influences of aging and dietary restriction on red blood
cell density profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities
in rhesus monkeys."
Experimental Gerontology, 1993 Nov-Dec; 28(6): 515-27.
(MUID: 94185736)
(ABSTRACT)
Ingram DK; Lane MA; Cutler RG; Roth GS.
"Longitudinal study of aging in monkeys: effects of diet
restriction."
Neurobiology of Aging, 1993 Nov-Dec; 14(6): 687-8.
(MUID: 94126143)
Nakamura E; Lane MA; Roth GS; Cutler RG; Ingram DK.
"Evaluating measures of hematology and blood chemistry in
male rhesus monkeys as biomarkers of aging."
Experimental Gerontology, 1994 Mar-Apr; 29(2): 151-77.
(ABSTRACT)
(MUID: 94298937)
Kemnitz JW; Roecker EB; Weindruch R; Elson DF; Baum ST; Bergman RN.
"Dietary restriction increases insulin sensitivity and
lowers blood glucose in rhesus monkeys."
American Journal of Physiology, 1994 Apr; 266(4 Pt 1): E540-7.
(MUID: 94234321)
(ABSTRACT)
Mary Ann Moon and Frances E. Taylor
"Low-Cal Diets: Can They Prolong Life?"
NCRR Reporter 18(5): 4-7, 1994.
Pahlavani MA; Harris MD; Moore SA; Weindruch R; Richardson A.
"The expression of heat shock protein 70 decreases with age in lymphocytes
from rats and rhesus monkeys."
Experimental Cell Research, 1995 May; 218(1): 310-8.
(MUID: 95255507)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA; Baer DJ; Tilmont EM; Rumpler WV; Ingram DK; Roth GS; Cutler RG.
"Energy balance in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) subjected to long-term
dietary restriction."
J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci, 1995 Sep; 50(5): B295-302.
(MUID: 95400918)
(ABSTRACT)
Kondo H; Lane MA; Yonezawa Y; Ingram DK; Cutler RG; Roth GS.
"Effects of aging and dietary restriction on activity of monkey serum in
promoting fibroblast migration."
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 1995 Apr 14; 79(2-3): 141-50.
(MUID: 95341885)
(ABSTRACT)

Lane MA; Ball SS; Ingram DK; Cutler RG; Engel J; Read V; Roth GS.
"Diet restriction in rhesus monkeys lowers fasting and glucose-stimulated
glucoregulatory end points."
American Journal of Physiology, 1995 May; 268(5 Pt 1): E941-8.
(MUID: 95282881)
(ABSTRACT)

Hansen BC, Bodkin NL
"Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus by prevention of
obesity in monkeys."
Diabetes 1993 Dec; 42(12): 1809-1814
(MUID: 94063258)
(ABSTRACT)
Grossmann A, Rabinovitch PS, Lane MA, Jinneman JC, Ingram DK, Wolf NS, Cutler RG, Roth GS
"Influence of age, sex, and dietary restriction on
intracellular free calcium responses of CD4+ lymphocytes in
rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)."
J Cell Physiol 1995 Feb; 162(2): 298-303
(MUID: 95122659)
(ABSTRACT)
Kondo H, Lane MA, Yonezawa Y, Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Roth GS
"Effects of aging and dietary restriction on activity of
monkey serum in promoting fibroblast migration."
Mech Ageing Dev 1995 Apr 14; 79(2-3): 141-150
(MUID: 95341885)
(ABSTRACT)
Bodkin NL, Ortmeyer HK, Hansen BC
"Long-term dietary restriction in older-aged rhesus
monkeys: effects on insulin resistance."
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 May; 50(3): B142-B147
(MUID: 95261991)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Ball SS, Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Engel J, Read V, Roth GS
"Diet restriction in rhesus monkeys lowers fasting and
glucose-stimulated glucoregulatory end points."
Am J Physiol 1995 May; 268(5 Pt 1): E941-E948
(MUID: 95282881)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Reznick AZ, Tilmont EM, Lanir A, Ball SS, Read V, Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Roth GS
"Aging and food restriction alter some indices of bone
metabolism in male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)."
J Nutr 1995 Jun; 125(6): 1600-1610
(MUID: 95302194)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Baer DJ, Tilmont EM, Rumpler WV, Ingram DK, Roth GS, Cutler RG
"Energy balance in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
subjected to long-term dietary restriction."
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 Sep; 50(5): B295-B302
(MUID: 95400918)
(ABSTRACT)
Hansen BC, Ortmeyer HK, Bodkin NL
"Prevention of obesity in middle-aged monkeys: food intake
during body weight clamp."
Obes Res 1995 Sep; 3 Suppl 2: 199S-204S
(MUID: 96117286)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Ingram DK, Roth GS
"Effects of aging and long-term calorie restriction on DHEA
and DHEA sulfate in rhesus monkeys."
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995 Dec 29; 774: 319-322
(MUID: 96170358)
Weindruch R
"Caloric restriction and aging."
Sci Am 1996 Jan; 274(1): 46-52
(MUID: 96106207)
Wagner JD, Carlson CS, O'Brien TD, Anthony MS, Bullock BC, Cefalu WT
"Diabetes mellitus and islet amyloidosis in cynomolgus
monkeys."
Lab Anim Sci 1996 Feb; 46(1): 36-41
(MUID: 96231287)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Baer DJ, Rumpler WV, Weindruch R, Ingram DK, Tilmont EM, Cutler RG, Roth GS
"Calorie restriction lowers body temperature in rhesus
monkeys, consistent with a postulated anti-aging mechanism
in rodents."
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Apr 30; 93(9): 4159-4164
(MUID: 96210610)
(ABSTRACT)
Roecker EB, Kemnitz JW, Ershler WB, Weindruch R
"Reduced immune responses in rhesus monkeys subjected to
dietary restriction."
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1996 Jul; 51(4): B276-B279
(MUID: 96295397)
(ABSTRACT)
Golub MS, Keen CL, Gershwin ME, Styne DM, Takeuchi PT, Ontell F, Walter RM, Hendrickx AG
"Adolescent growth and maturation in zinc-deprived rhesus
monkeys."
Am J Clin Nutr 1996 Sep; 64(3): 274-282
(MUID: 96374043)
(ABSTRACT)
Parr T
"Insulin exposure and aging theory."
Gerontology 1997; 43(3): 182-200
(MUID: 97287421)
(ABSTRACT)
Cefalu WT, Wagner JD, Wang ZQ, Bell-Farrow AD, Collins J, Haskell D, Bechtold R, Morgan T
"A study of caloric restriction and cardiovascular aging in
cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): a potential
model for aging research."
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997 Jan; 52(1): B10-B19
(MUID: 97161397)
(ABSTRACT)
Roth GS, Kowatch MA, Hengemihle J, Ingram DK, Spangler EL, Johnson LK, Lane MA
"Effect of age and caloric restriction on cutaneous wound
closure in rats and monkeys."
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997 Mar; 52(2): B98-B102
(MUID: 97214586)
(ABSTRACT)
Ramsey JJ, Roecker EB, Weindruch R, Kemnitz JW
"Energy expenditure of adult male rhesus monkeys during
the first 30 mo of dietary restriction."
Am J Physiol 1997 May; 272(5 Pt 1): E901-E907
(MUID: 97319289)
(ABSTRACT)
Weed JL, Lane MA, Roth GS, Speer DL, Ingram DK
"Activity measures in rhesus monkeys on long-term calorie
restriction."
Physiol Behav 1997 Jul; 62(1): 97-103
(MUID: 97369907)
(ABSTRACT)
Lane MA, Ingram DK, Ball SS, Roth GS
"Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: a biomarker of primate
aging slowed by calorie restriction."
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Jul; 82(7): 2093-2096
(MUID: 97358157)
(ABSTRACT)

Human CR Studies

Walford, R. L.; Harris, S. B.; Gunion, M. W.
"The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in
Biosphere 2 significantly lowers blood glucose, total
leukocyte count, cholesterol, and blood pressure in humans."
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1992 Dec, Vol. 89: pp. 11533-11537.
(Much of the information in this article is in Walford and
Walford, 1994)
(UI: 93087562)
(ABSTRACT)
Walford RL; Weber L; Panov S.
"Caloric restriction and aging as viewed from Biosphere 2."
Receptor, 1995 Spring, 5(1):29-33.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Tutorial.
(UI: 95338137)
(ABSTRACT)
Weindruch R.
"Immunogerontologic outcomes of dietary restriction started in adulthood."
Nutrition Reviews, 1995 Apr, 53(4 Pt 2):S66-70; discussion S70-1.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Tutorial.
(UI: 95372007)
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